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through various grades from magistrate down to village heads, and finally to guardians who are responsible for the behaviour of a certain number of families.
General Yen deserves great praise for his untiring efforts during the last ten years. Yet from his statistics it appears that he is not gaining ground, and this is attributed to the impossibility of preventing smuggling.
During 1925, the Anti-Opium Association membership has increased to 18,900.
Opiuin smokers and morphia pill eaters dealt with during 1925 amount to 93,597 men, 9,358 woinen, 378 juveniles, and 21,625 smugglers have been dealt with by the police.
With referrence to the smokers, the majority of whom are sent to curing houses, the number exceeds that of 1924, as does also that of the smugglers.
A Sample of the 64 Branch Reports
Kico Haien. Membership 1,000; opium mostly used which comes from outside Great Wall; 1,141 smugglers arrested; opium smokers dealt with-5,197 men, 268 women; five anti-pium educators at work in the villages.
Li Cheng Hsien. Membership 207; morphia pills mostly used, no opium; morphia comes from Wuan, and She Hsien, Honan; smugglers arrested During the year 1,074; pill eaters dealt with-3,804 men, 261 women, 1,400 seizures of morphia pills.
Ping Shun Haien. Membership $40; opium little used, morphia pills mostly, which comes from Lin and She hsiens. Honan. Smugglers arrested 401; pill eaters dealt with-2,046 men, 95 women, 12 youths. Ning Wa sien. Membership 155. No morphia, only opium from Shensi, Suiyuan and Chahar. Smugglers arrested 532; smokers dealt with--1,750 men, 21 women.
The remaining 60 branches send similar reports. In these 64 counties, whilst opium and morphia pills are both used in many places, yet in 20 counties the use of morphia pills predominates and in 44 counties, opium.
The province has 115 haiens or counties, and from 51 of these no report has been sent.
As remarked each year, this province has total prohibition, and a determined Governor, hence if the resuits of smuggling from neighbouring provinces are so great in Shansi what must be the con- dition of those provinces wherein every form of opium traffic is encouraged?
Total population of the province is just over 11,000,000 and the number of smokers and caters dealt with during 1925 is about 100,000, which is less than 1%. Many other provinces report that from 40 to 80% of the population use opium.
The educational side of the preventive work consist of:
Collecting materials for school text books, anti-narcotic pictures These will form part of the school course under the Shansi
I.
and songs. Education Bureau.
2. Instruction given to branch and sub-branch officers to enable them to lecture to the village people and students on the evils of opium
and narcotics. There are also the distributors of leaflets and pictures for the same purpose.
3. The 232 officers associated with the 105 Branches have given lectures in their districts before magistrates, merchants, educational heads, gentry, and sub-branch officers and members.
SHANTUNG
The only poppy cultivated in this province is in a small section in the south which is the headquarters of bandits. Last year about 300 Chinese acres were cultivated and reported to be under the control of a drug company in Tsinan the capital. Opium is however used all over the province and arrives by road and rail.
No attempt is made to offically restrict the traffic, or to raise taxes by licences. The local government reaps no finances from the free yet not open use of opium and morphis pills.
South Shantung. Reports may be summarised as follows:
No poppy grown, but opium on sale every where without the slightest opposition on the part of officials, who are themselves heavy users of the drug.
Eastern Shantong. No poppy. Considerable quantity used, it is not hard to obtain, though the traffic is secret. There are not seen so many down and out morphia addicts as formerly, though there is no evidence that less is being useil; they are controlling the use more and do not reach the former state of utter degradation. Tsingtao. Customs seizures of narcotics during 1925 amounted to 1,356 ounces-heroin 944 ounces, cocaine 412 ounces, on 8 Japanese steamers, and the drugs all from Japan. The amount seized in 1924 was 1,900 ounces. Smuggling is difficult to detect, and involves much trouble for the Customs authorities. This may be illustrated by three seizures made recently.
I. 438 ounces of heroin was found in a consignment of Washing Soda in drums.
2. 412 ounces of cocaine in a consignment of "Zinc Powder”. 3. 725 ounces of heroin in a consignment of Resin. Besides searching in big consignments of general cargo, there is the pocket, overcoat, false bottom contrivance, and luggage of passengers, and the more severe the Customs scrutiny the greater the tendency fur shippers to use other ports. The Navy have been freely referred to in the press as carrying on an extensive traffic in Yunnan opium. Central Shantung. No poppy grown, but opium smoking as prevalent as ever. This area extends north of the Yellow River south to Poshan, east to Tsingchow, and west to Tsinanfu the Capital.
Tsin Ning Hsien, Ch'in Hsien, Ping Yuan and Teng Hsien are stili centres for the gigantic morphia pill traffic reported last year. Tsing Chone Pa. Poppy enltivation slight. Opium consumption con- siderable. Japanese as well as Chinese do a considerable traffic in opium.
West Shantung. No poppy. Opium freely bought and sold like any other commodity. This city, Nan Kuan Tao, is centre for opin traffic.
Tsinanf. During 1925 the following seizures of narcotic pills and drugs were made by the police:
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